Sunday, February 16, 2014

VIDEO: Prince Harry takes to Goodwood track

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Prince Harry takes to Goodwood track

15 February 2014 Last updated at 21:24 GMT

Prince Harry has attended Goodwood Motor Circuit to raise awareness for one his charities.

The Endeavour Fund helps injured service men and women rediscover their self-belief through physical challenges.

Both Harry and service personnel were given the chance to drive classic cars at the track on Saturday.

One member of staff was given the task of looking after the prince's shoes while he raced, which he was reunited with later.


A fitting tribute to Preston's favourite son

15 February 2014 Last updated at 19:04

Sir Tom Finney: A fitting tribute to Preston's favourite son

There was clear excitement in the voice of the father as he told his son that one of the scarves placed on the statue of Sir Tom Finney outside Preston's Deepdale stadium was in the colours of Blackpool.

His child, not more than five or six, looked confused. "But why Dad? Why is it there?"

The answer was clear and affirmative. "That, son, is the respect for the man."

The man was Finney, the verdict on him unanimous.

There was a note by the scarf: "The last of the true legends."

In these days of third-tier football there is rarely much activity outside North End's ground two hours before kick-off but that was not the case on Saturday as a city prepared to pay tribute to its most famous son.

There was the queue outside the ticket office, the media seeking interviews and the fans gathering to lay flowers, shirts and scarves on The Splash statue, which is based on a famous photograph of Finney taken at a match at Chelsea in 1956.

It was supposed to be a big day at Deepdale anyway as Preston, fourth in the League One table, entertained an out-of-form Leyton Orient clinging to third place, but the passing of Finney had transformed it into something entirely different.

In other places it is the clocks that stop, in Preston on Saturday it was the water.

It had stopped flowing over the Splash statue, which had become a focal point after news of Finney's death, at the age of 91, had started to circulate around the city centre late on Friday evening.

A taxi driver drove past it at the end of his shift in the early hours of Saturday morning and was amazed by the tributes that had already amassed despite the atrocious wind and rain.

Just up Sir Tom Finney way on Saturday lunchtime the Sumners pub was rammed with fans talking about the man who always represented their city with pride and distinction during a 14-year career at Preston North End.

It was in the same pub where Finney's father Alf worked as a waiter back in 1936 and approached North End's trainer Will Scott to enquire about a trial for his 14-year-old son.

That was the start of a journey between player and club that only ended when he died on Friday, although in a sense it will never really finish. He will always be indivisible with Preston and regarded as its favourite son.

He retired as a player in 1960. North End had averaged 15,000 that season but 27,000 people crowded into Deepdale for his last league appearance, against Luton in late April.

Preston have averaged in the region of 10,000 this campaign but there were 13,440 inside Deepdale on Saturday to say their farewells.

Before kick-off a large banner with the words 'Sir Tom Finney - Preston Legend' on it worked its way around the stadium.

A video tribute to Finney on the screen above the Bill Shankly stand prompted a spontaneous outburst of applause from all inside the ground.

In fact, just about everything that happened felt spontaneous. With so little time between Finney's death on Friday and the match the following day it could not have been any other way.

But in a way the simplicity and understated nature of the celebration of Finney's life was entirely in keeping with a very humble individual.

Every North End player wore the name Finney on the back of his shirt (apparently this confused several players when they entered the Preston dressing room). In the centre circle a wreath of flowers was given to Tom's son Brian and his grandson Paul.

Before Finney's final league appearance the crowd sang Auld Lang Syne before breaking into a rendition of For He's A Jolly Good Fellow.

On Saturday the minute's silence was impeccably observed. The only sounds to be heard was the cry of a child and a blast of wind rattling on the microphone of the stadium announcer.

Seven minutes into the match applause broke out all around the stadium - another tribute to the man who wore that shirt number for so long.

You still often hear it debated - who was better, Sir Stanley Matthews or Finney?

Impossible to say, but both would have stood out on Saturday.

It was a mediocre game of football that saw Orient take the lead just before the break and North End equalise from the penalty spot in the second half.

North End do not play with out-and-out wingers these days but left-back Scott Laird at least delivered a few crosses that Finney would have been happy to call his own.

And without doubt, the result was undoubtedly secondary to the occasion.

Jimmy Armfield, Blackpool's equivalent of Finney, was at the game. Adversaries on the pitch but great friends off it, the 78-year-old reckons that he was close to tears when he heard that an increasingly frail Finney had made the trip to Blackpool last year to have his photograph taken by the statue of Armfield outside Bloomfield Road.

"Tom Finney? He came to see my statue?" was his reaction at the time.

Asked how he would describe Finney, Armfield said: "Total humility, he would not have understood what all the fuss was about."

But a fuss there was - and deservedly so.

Not that it felt that way at the final whistle. Players shook hands and trooped off to the dressing rooms and the fans made their way to the exits and out into the Lancashire night.

I heard one woman say to her child as they made their way out of the ground: "In years to come you will be able to say that you were there."

The child didn't look particularly impressed but it was undoubtedly that sort of day.

As one fan had written on a North End shirt that he left outside the ground: "RIP Sir Tom.

"You were a one club man. We are a one man club."


Chinese film wins at Berlin festival

Chinese film wins Best Picture at Berlin film festival

Diao Yinan (left), director of Bai Ri Yan Huo, poses with his Golden Bear for Best Film next to actor Liao Fan, with his Silver Bear for Best Actor, and actress Haru Kuroki, with her Silver Bear for Best Actress A good year for Asian film in Berlin, as (left to right) Diao Yinan, Liao Fan and Haru Kuroki share the stage

The Chinese film Bai Ri Yan Huo (Black Coal, Thin Ice) has won the Golden Bear for best picture at the Berlin international film festival.

Liao Fan won the prize for best actor in the same film, while Haru Kuroki won best actress for her role in the Japanese movie Chiisai Ouchi (The Little House).

American Richard Linklater was named best director for his film Boyhood.

An eight-person jury decides the awards.

This year it was headed by American director and producer James Schamus, probably most well-known for producing Brokeback Mountain.

Director Richard Linklater poses with his Silver Bear for Best Director Director Richard Linklater's film Boyhood followed the life of a boy from age 5 to 18
The Golden Bear for Best Film, on stage during the Berlin Film Festival, in front of someone's feet The Golden Bear for Best Film, on stage during the Berlin Film Festival

Bai Ri Yan Huo features an overweight detective, played by Liao Fan, on the trail of a serial killer.

"It's really hard to believe this dream has come true," a stunned Diao Yinan, director of the winning film, told the festival audience.

Richard Linklater's ambitious coming-of-age film Boyhood used the same child actors over a 12-year span.

Wes Anderson's Grand Budapest Hotel, the festival opener, took the Silver Bear grand jury prize, while the Ethiopian film Difret, based on a real case of bride abduction in Ethiopia, took the audience award.

The festival is one of the oldest and most prestigious film showcases in the world, but this year some critics complained of a dearth of strong entries, and a lack of films with strong political or social agendas.

Some 400 films have been screened during the 11-day festival, 23 of them in the competition category.

Last year, the main prize was awarded to the Romanian film Child's Pose.

On Friday, British director Ken Loach won an Honorary Golden Bear at what is formally known as the 64th Berlinale International Film Festival.

He was celebrated with a gala screening of his 1993 film Raining Stones, about a poverty-stricken suburban family.


Your flooding photos from the past

Your flooding photos from the past

A boat navigates the floods in Wraysbury in 1947 to help deliver the milk Maurice Sellers rows a boat during the floods of 1947 in Wraysbury

The UK has seen devastating flooding during the past two months as a relentless succession of winter storms have battered the country.

We have received a huge amount of your photos that show the scale of damage caused by both wind and rain.

This winter has seen record breaking rainfall, but how does it compare to previous flooding events to have hit the country? We want you to send us photos of historic flooding events that you or your family have witnessed.

We have already received this photo that Colin Sellers sent us of the flooding in Wraysbury from 1947, the image taken by his mother shows his father Maurice rowing while helping to deliver milk.

Do you have any photos of flood events from years gone by?

Please get in touch and send your photos and stories using the form below and include your telephone number if you are happy to be contacted by a BBC journalist. When uploading your photos please use subject heading 'Historic Floods'

Send your pictures and videos to yourpics@bbc.co.uk or text them to 61124 (UK) or +44 7624 800 100 (International). If you have a large file you can upload here.

Read the terms and conditions


Your flooding photos from the past

Your flooding photos from the past

A boat navigates the floods in Wraysbury in 1947 to help deliver the milk Maurice Sellers rows a boat during the floods of 1947 in Wraysbury

The UK has seen devastating flooding during the past two months as a relentless succession of winter storms have battered the country.

We have received a huge amount of your photos that show the scale of damage caused by both wind and rain.

This winter has seen record breaking rainfall, but how does it compare to previous flooding events to have hit the country? We want you to send us photos of historic flooding events that you or your family have witnessed.

We have already received this photo that Colin Sellers sent us of the flooding in Wraysbury from 1947, the image taken by his mother shows his father Maurice rowing while helping to deliver milk.

Do you have any photos of flood events from years gone by?

Please get in touch and send your photos and stories using the form below and include your telephone number if you are happy to be contacted by a BBC journalist. When uploading your photos please use subject heading 'Historic Floods'

Send your pictures and videos to yourpics@bbc.co.uk or text them to 61124 (UK) or +44 7624 800 100 (International). If you have a large file you can upload here.

Read the terms and conditions


Jet stream 'may be changing'

Wavier jet stream 'may drive weather shift'

Jet stream graphic The ribbon of strong winds has become wavier over the past two decades or so

New research suggests that the main system that determines the weather over Northern Europe and North America may be changing.

The study shows that the so-called jet stream has increasingly taken a longer, meandering path.

This has resulted in weather remaining the same for more prolonged periods.

The work was presented at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in Chicago.

The observation could be as a result of the recent warming of the Arctic. Temperatures there have been rising two to three times faster than the rest of the globe.

According to Prof Jennifer Francis of Rutgers University in New Jersey: "This does seem to suggest that weather patterns are changing and people are noticing that the weather in their area is not what it used to be."

The meandering jet stream has accounted for the recent stormy weather over the UK and the bitter winter weather in the US Mid-West remaining longer than it otherwise would have.

"We can expect more of the same and we can expect it to happen more frequently," says Prof Francis

The jet stream, as its name suggests, is a high-speed air current in the atmosphere that brings with it the weather.

It is fuelled partly by the temperature differential between the Arctic and the mid-latitudes.

If the differential is large then the jet stream speeds up, and like a river flowing down a steep hill, it ploughs through any obstacles - such as areas of high pressure that might be in its way.

If the temperature differential reduces because of a warming Arctic then the jet stream weakens and, again, like a river on a flat bed, it will meander every time it comes across an obstacle.

This results in weather patterns tending to becoming stuck over areas for weeks on end. It also drives cold weather further south and warm weather further north. Examples of the latter are Alaska and parts of Scandinavia, which have had exceptionally warm conditions this winter.

In the UK, storm after storm has rolled across the country In the UK, storm after storm has rolled across the country

With the UK, the US and Australia experiencing prolonged, extreme weather, the question has been raised as to whether recent patterns are due to simple natural variations or the result of manmade climate change? According to Prof Francis, it is too soon to tell.

"The Arctic has been warming rapidly only for the past 15 years," she says.

"Our data to look at this effect is very short and so it is hard to get a very clear signal.

"But as we have more data I do think we will start to see the influence of climate change."

Prof Francis was taking part in a session on Arctic change involving Mark Serreze, the director of the US National Snow and Ice Data Center in Colorado.

He said the idea that changes in the polar north could influence the weather in middle latitudes - so-called "Santa's revenge" - was a new and lively area of research and somewhat controversial, with arguments for and against.

"Fundamentally, the strong warming that might drive this is tied in with the loss of sea-ice cover that we're seeing, because the sea-ice cover acts as this lid that separates the ocean from a colder atmosphere," Dr Serreze explained.

"If we remove that lid, we pump all this heat up into the atmosphere. That is a good part of the signal of warming that we're now seeing, and that could be driving some of these changes."

Chicago 6 January Chicago is now warming after being gripped by frigid polar air in January

Follow Pallab on Twitter


Your flooding photos from the past

Your flooding photos from the past

A boat navigates the floods in Wraysbury in 1947 to help deliver the milk Maurice Sellers rows a boat during the floods of 1947 in Wraysbury

The UK has seen devastating flooding during the past two months as a relentless succession of winter storms have battered the country.

We have received a huge amount of your photos that show the scale of damage caused by both wind and rain.

This winter has seen record breaking rainfall, but how does it compare to previous flooding events to have hit the country? We want you to send us photos of historic flooding events that you or your family have witnessed.

We have already received this photo that Colin Sellers sent us of the flooding in Wraysbury from 1947, the image taken by his mother shows his father Maurice rowing while helping to deliver milk.

Do you have any photos of flood events from years gone by?

Please get in touch and send your photos and stories using the form below and include your telephone number if you are happy to be contacted by a BBC journalist. When uploading your photos please use subject heading 'Historic Floods'

Send your pictures and videos to yourpics@bbc.co.uk or text them to 61124 (UK) or +44 7624 800 100 (International). If you have a large file you can upload here.

Read the terms and conditions


Jet stream 'may be changing'

Wavier jet stream 'may drive weather shift'

Jet stream graphic The ribbon of strong winds has become wavier over the past two decades or so

New research suggests that the main system that determines the weather over Northern Europe and North America may be changing.

The study shows that the so-called jet stream has increasingly taken a longer, meandering path.

This has resulted in weather remaining the same for more prolonged periods.

The work was presented at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in Chicago.

The observation could be as a result of the recent warming of the Arctic. Temperatures there have been rising two to three times faster than the rest of the globe.

According to Prof Jennifer Francis of Rutgers University in New Jersey: "This does seem to suggest that weather patterns are changing and people are noticing that the weather in their area is not what it used to be."

The meandering jet stream has accounted for the recent stormy weather over the UK and the bitter winter weather in the US Mid-West remaining longer than it otherwise would have.

"We can expect more of the same and we can expect it to happen more frequently," says Prof Francis

The jet stream, as its name suggests, is a high-speed air current in the atmosphere that brings with it the weather.

It is fuelled partly by the temperature differential between the Arctic and the mid-latitudes.

If the differential is large then the jet stream speeds up, and like a river flowing down a steep hill, it ploughs through any obstacles - such as areas of high pressure that might be in its way.

If the temperature differential reduces because of a warming Arctic then the jet stream weakens and, again, like a river on a flat bed, it will meander every time it comes across an obstacle.

This results in weather patterns tending to becoming stuck over areas for weeks on end. It also drives cold weather further south and warm weather further north. Examples of the latter are Alaska and parts of Scandinavia, which have had exceptionally warm conditions this winter.

In the UK, storm after storm has rolled across the country In the UK, storm after storm has rolled across the country

With the UK, the US and Australia experiencing prolonged, extreme weather, the question has been raised as to whether recent patterns are due to simple natural variations or the result of manmade climate change? According to Prof Francis, it is too soon to tell.

"The Arctic has been warming rapidly only for the past 15 years," she says.

"Our data to look at this effect is very short and so it is hard to get a very clear signal.

"But as we have more data I do think we will start to see the influence of climate change."

Prof Francis was taking part in a session on Arctic change involving Mark Serreze, the director of the US National Snow and Ice Data Center in Colorado.

He said the idea that changes in the polar north could influence the weather in middle latitudes - so-called "Santa's revenge" - was a new and lively area of research and somewhat controversial, with arguments for and against.

"Fundamentally, the strong warming that might drive this is tied in with the loss of sea-ice cover that we're seeing, because the sea-ice cover acts as this lid that separates the ocean from a colder atmosphere," Dr Serreze explained.

"If we remove that lid, we pump all this heat up into the atmosphere. That is a good part of the signal of warming that we're now seeing, and that could be driving some of these changes."

Chicago 6 January Chicago is now warming after being gripped by frigid polar air in January

Follow Pallab on Twitter


Jet stream 'may be changing'

Wavier jet stream 'may drive weather shift'

Jet stream graphic The ribbon of strong winds has become wavier over the past two decades or so

New research suggests that the main system that determines the weather over Northern Europe and North America may be changing.

The study shows that the so-called jet stream has increasingly taken a longer, meandering path.

This has resulted in weather remaining the same for more prolonged periods.

The work was presented at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in Chicago.

The observation could be as a result of the recent warming of the Arctic. Temperatures there have been rising two to three times faster than the rest of the globe.

According to Prof Jennifer Francis of Rutgers University in New Jersey: "This does seem to suggest that weather patterns are changing and people are noticing that the weather in their area is not what it used to be."

The meandering jet stream has accounted for the recent stormy weather over the UK and the bitter winter weather in the US Mid-West remaining longer than it otherwise would have.

"We can expect more of the same and we can expect it to happen more frequently," says Prof Francis

The jet stream, as its name suggests, is a high-speed air current in the atmosphere that brings with it the weather.

It is fuelled partly by the temperature differential between the Arctic and the mid-latitudes.

If the differential is large then the jet stream speeds up, and like a river flowing down a steep hill, it ploughs through any obstacles - such as areas of high pressure that might be in its way.

If the temperature differential reduces because of a warming Arctic then the jet stream weakens and, again, like a river on a flat bed, it will meander every time it comes across an obstacle.

This results in weather patterns tending to becoming stuck over areas for weeks on end. It also drives cold weather further south and warm weather further north. Examples of the latter are Alaska and parts of Scandinavia, which have had exceptionally warm conditions this winter.

In the UK, storm after storm has rolled across the country In the UK, storm after storm has rolled across the country

With the UK, the US and Australia experiencing prolonged, extreme weather, the question has been raised as to whether recent patterns are due to simple natural variations or the result of manmade climate change? According to Prof Francis, it is too soon to tell.

"The Arctic has been warming rapidly only for the past 15 years," she says.

"Our data to look at this effect is very short and so it is hard to get a very clear signal.

"But as we have more data I do think we will start to see the influence of climate change."

Prof Francis was taking part in a session on Arctic change involving Mark Serreze, the director of the US National Snow and Ice Data Center in Colorado.

He said the idea that changes in the polar north could influence the weather in middle latitudes - so-called "Santa's revenge" - was a new and lively area of research and somewhat controversial, with arguments for and against.

"Fundamentally, the strong warming that might drive this is tied in with the loss of sea-ice cover that we're seeing, because the sea-ice cover acts as this lid that separates the ocean from a colder atmosphere," Dr Serreze explained.

"If we remove that lid, we pump all this heat up into the atmosphere. That is a good part of the signal of warming that we're now seeing, and that could be driving some of these changes."

Chicago 6 January Chicago is now warming after being gripped by frigid polar air in January

Follow Pallab on Twitter


Rival marches under way in Venezuela

Venezuela: Pro and anti-Maduro marches go ahead in Caracas

Education minister Hector Rodriguez during government demo in Caracas Education Minister Hector Rodriguez joins the march and waves a Venezuelan flag

Supporters and opponents of Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro have taken to the streets of the capital, Caracas, in rival marches.

The demonstrations come at a time of growing political tension in Venezuela.

Three people were killed during anti-government protests on Wednesday, and 100 students were arrested.

Mr Maduro accused the opposition of stirring up trouble as part of a coup plot and urged his supporters to march for peace on Saturday.

The main opposition grievances are high inflation, crime and the shortage of some staples.

They have denounced police brutality and blamed pro-government groups, known as "colectivos", for the deaths on Wednesday.

But Venezuelan Prisons Minister Isis Valverde has described the "colectivos" as "pillars in the defence of the nation".

On Friday, students took to the streets again demanding the release of all the demonstrators arrested in the last week.

Mr Maduro called supporters to take part in a big demonstration "for peace and against fascism".

Government supporters began arriving Venezuela square, in central Caracas, in the morning.

They were dressed predominantly in red or in Venezuela's national colours - blue, yellow and red.

Anti government demonstrators in Caracas calling for peace Opposition demonstrators call for peace during today's march in central Caracas

"The Venezuelan youth believe in peace. Violence is not the way. This is the answer to coup plots," student Ifrain Bastardo told El Nacional newspaper.

Meanwhile, opposition demonstrators, including a movement known as Mothers in White, gathered at Las Mercedes neighbourhood in eastern Caracas.

They are planning to hold hands and make a human chain from the square to the Courts of Justice building.

Student leader Enrique Altimari said the peaceful protest was aimed at paying "tribute to the victims".

But he said the protest would end before night falls, to avoid a repeat of the incidents of Wednesday.

The three victims were shot dead by unknown gunmen as the opposition marches came to an end.

Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro Maduro launched this week a plan to reduce crime in Venezuela

"The streets at night are not a safe place for us. We would not be achieving any goal and would only fall in the trap set up by violent pro-government groups," Mr Altimari said.

Venezuela has one of the highest murder rates in the world and is deeply politically polarised.

Mr Maduro was elected last April by a narrow margin, defeating the centre-right candidate, Henrique Capriles, who denounced electoral fraud.

A former union leader, Mr Maduro was a close ally of late President Hugo Chavez who died of cancer in April after 14 years in office.

Mr Capriles blames the government's left-wing policies for the country's economic problems, including high inflation- 56.2% in 2013, according to official figures.

The government has blamed the shortages on "saboteurs" and "profit-hungry corrupt businessmen".


Rival marches under way in Venezuela

Venezuela: Pro and anti-Maduro marches go ahead in Caracas

Education minister Hector Rodriguez during government demo in Caracas Education Minister Hector Rodriguez joins the march and waves a Venezuelan flag

Supporters and opponents of Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro have taken to the streets of the capital, Caracas, in rival marches.

The demonstrations come at a time of growing political tension in Venezuela.

Three people were killed during anti-government protests on Wednesday, and 100 students were arrested.

Mr Maduro accused the opposition of stirring up trouble as part of a coup plot and urged his supporters to march for peace on Saturday.

The main opposition grievances are high inflation, crime and the shortage of some staples.

They have denounced police brutality and blamed pro-government groups, known as "colectivos", for the deaths on Wednesday.

But Venezuelan Prisons Minister Isis Valverde has described the "colectivos" as "pillars in the defence of the nation".

On Friday, students took to the streets again demanding the release of all the demonstrators arrested in the last week.

Mr Maduro called supporters to take part in a big demonstration "for peace and against fascism".

Government supporters began arriving Venezuela square, in central Caracas, in the morning.

They were dressed predominantly in red or in Venezuela's national colours - blue, yellow and red.

Anti government demonstrators in Caracas calling for peace Opposition demonstrators call for peace during today's march in central Caracas

"The Venezuelan youth believe in peace. Violence is not the way. This is the answer to coup plots," student Ifrain Bastardo told El Nacional newspaper.

Meanwhile, opposition demonstrators, including a movement known as Mothers in White, gathered at Las Mercedes neighbourhood in eastern Caracas.

They are planning to hold hands and make a human chain from the square to the Courts of Justice building.

Student leader Enrique Altimari said the peaceful protest was aimed at paying "tribute to the victims".

But he said the protest would end before night falls, to avoid a repeat of the incidents of Wednesday.

The three victims were shot dead by unknown gunmen as the opposition marches came to an end.

Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro Maduro launched this week a plan to reduce crime in Venezuela

"The streets at night are not a safe place for us. We would not be achieving any goal and would only fall in the trap set up by violent pro-government groups," Mr Altimari said.

Venezuela has one of the highest murder rates in the world and is deeply politically polarised.

Mr Maduro was elected last April by a narrow margin, defeating the centre-right candidate, Henrique Capriles, who denounced electoral fraud.

A former union leader, Mr Maduro was a close ally of late President Hugo Chavez who died of cancer in April after 14 years in office.

Mr Capriles blames the government's left-wing policies for the country's economic problems, including high inflation- 56.2% in 2013, according to official figures.

The government has blamed the shortages on "saboteurs" and "profit-hungry corrupt businessmen".


Electric fish inspire agile robots

Amazon electric fish inspire underwater robotics

Robot knifefish Northwestern has developed a number of robotic prototypes based on the knifefish

Electric fish from South America are opening up new ideas in robotics.

Ghost knifefish, as they are known, put a small current through the water to sense their environment, and undulate a long fin to move around.

Scientists at Northwestern University, US, believe both features could be harnessed in a new class of autonomous underwater vehicles.

They are developing robots that will be able to swim around debris in total darkness, such as inside a sunken ship.

"Today, we don't really have underwater robots that work well in really cluttered conditions or in conditions where vision isn't useful," said Prof Malcolm MacIver.

"Just consider the sunken cruise ship. It is very dangerous to send divers into such situations where the water can be very cloudy.

"But we can learn from the electric fish. They don't use vision to hunt at night in the rivers of the Amazon basin, and their movement through the cluttered root masses and flooded forests requires incredible precision. They fit a big hole in terms of our capabilities in underwater robots."

Prof MacIver was explaining his work here at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS).

He has studied knifefish for years, deciphering their sensory and locomotion systems.

Knifefish Knifefish hunt in darkess

The animals generate an electric field from modified neurons running along their spinal cord. When prey, such as aquatic insects, enter this field the fish measure a tiny change in voltage at the surface of their skin.

The perturbation is only one-tenth to one-hundredth of a millionth of a volt, but sufficient for the receptors to detect it.

"The fish have evolved an amazing system," said Prof MacIver. "Imagine your retina stretched over your entire body and what that would be like. That's the situation that knifefish find themselves in.

"They perceive in all directions. They emit a kind of radar, but it's an electric field; and the sensory receptors scattered over their entire body surface mean they can detect things coming from all directions."

The technology in Prof MacIver's lab is now simulating this enabling a robot in a tank to react to what is around it and move accordingly.

But it is the special propulsion technique employed by knifefish that the Northwestern researcher also wants to copy.

These are the ripples sent through the long fin on the belly. Undulate one way, and the fish will move forward; undulate the other way, and the direction of travel is reversed. Use counter-propagating waves that meet in the middle, and the fish will move up.

"From all our simulations, we now have mathematical relationships between things like the frequency and amplitude of the travelling wave and how much propulsion you get," said Prof MacIver. "So now we can put that into technology and get it to work properly."

Currently, the Northwestern lab is demonstrating artificial sensory and locomotion capabilities on two separate robotic platforms. The aim now is to bring them together into a single working device.

In the meantime, Prof MacIver has also been having some fun with his fish by putting them in a "choir".

Every fish produces a constant electric field and every species emits at a different frequency. So, by converting these frequencies to a sound, it is possible to make some knifefish music. Prof MacIver has developed an art installation based on 12 fish tanks.

Knifefish choir By sonifying the electric fields of different species, it is possible to make knifefish music

Jonathan.Amos-INTERNET@bbc.co.uk and follow me on Twitter: @BBCAmos


VIDEO: Actress Ellen Page reveals she is gay

Media playback is unsupported on your device

Actress Ellen Page reveals she is gay to audience

15 February 2014 Last updated at 19:10 GMT

Actress Ellen Page, who starred as a pregnant teenager in Juno in 2006, has declared she is gay.

"I am tired of hiding and I am tired of lying by omission," she told an audience in Las Vegas on Friday.

The 26-year-old actress said she felt "a personal obligation and a social responsibility" to come out.


Merkel proposes secure European web

Data protection: Angela Merkel proposes Europe network

Angela Merkel, 14 February 2014 Chancellor Merkel flagged up the proposals in her weekly podcast

German Chancellor Angela Merkel is proposing building up a European communications network to help improve data protection.

It would avoid emails and other data automatically passing through the United States.

In her weekly podcast, she said she would raise the issue on Wednesday with French President Francois Hollande.

Revelations of mass surveillance by the US National Security Agency (NSA) have prompted huge concern in Europe.

Disclosures by the US whistleblower Edward Snowden suggested even the mobile phones of US allies, such as Mrs Merkel, had been monitored by American spies.

Classified NSA documents revealed that large amounts of personal data are collected from the internet by US and British surveillance.

Mrs Merkel criticised the fact that Facebook and Google can be based in countries with low levels of data protection while carrying out business in nations that offer more rigorous safeguards.

"Above all, we'll talk about European providers that offer security for our citizens, so that one shouldn't have to send emails and other information across the Atlantic," she said.

"Rather, one could build up a communication network inside Europe."

Sensitive

There was no doubt that Europe had to do more in the realm of data protection, she said.

A French official was quoted by Reuters news agency as saying that the government in Paris planned to take up the German initiative.

Personal privacy is a sensitive issue in Germany where extensive surveillance was carried out under the Nazis and in communist East Germany.

A foreign policy spokesman for Mrs Merkel's Christian Democrats, Philipp Missfelder, recently said revelations about US spying had helped bring relations with Washington down to their worst level since the US-led invasion of Iraq in 2003.

Germany has been trying to persuade Washington to agree to a "no-spy" agreement but without success.


Merkel proposes secure European web

Data protection: Angela Merkel proposes Europe network

Angela Merkel, 14 February 2014 Chancellor Merkel flagged up the proposals in her weekly podcast

German Chancellor Angela Merkel is proposing building up a European communications network to help improve data protection.

It would avoid emails and other data automatically passing through the United States.

In her weekly podcast, she said she would raise the issue on Wednesday with French President Francois Hollande.

Revelations of mass surveillance by the US National Security Agency (NSA) have prompted huge concern in Europe.

Disclosures by the US whistleblower Edward Snowden suggested even the mobile phones of US allies, such as Mrs Merkel, had been monitored by American spies.

Classified NSA documents revealed that large amounts of personal data are collected from the internet by US and British surveillance.

Mrs Merkel criticised the fact that Facebook and Google can be based in countries with low levels of data protection while carrying out business in nations that offer more rigorous safeguards.

"Above all, we'll talk about European providers that offer security for our citizens, so that one shouldn't have to send emails and other information across the Atlantic," she said.

"Rather, one could build up a communication network inside Europe."

Sensitive

There was no doubt that Europe had to do more in the realm of data protection, she said.

A French official was quoted by Reuters news agency as saying that the government in Paris planned to take up the German initiative.

Personal privacy is a sensitive issue in Germany where extensive surveillance was carried out under the Nazis and in communist East Germany.

A foreign policy spokesman for Mrs Merkel's Christian Democrats, Philipp Missfelder, recently said revelations about US spying had helped bring relations with Washington down to their worst level since the US-led invasion of Iraq in 2003.

Germany has been trying to persuade Washington to agree to a "no-spy" agreement but without success.


VIDEO: Actress Ellen Page reveals she is gay

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Actress Ellen Page reveals she is gay to audience

15 February 2014 Last updated at 19:10 GMT

Actress Ellen Page, who starred as a pregnant teenager in Juno in 2006, has declared she is gay.

"I am tired of hiding and I am tired of lying by omission," she told an audience in Las Vegas on Friday.

The 26-year-old actress said she felt "a personal obligation and a social responsibility" to come out.


Manchester City 2-0 Chelsea

Man City v Chelsea

Team badge of Manchester City
Man City 2

Jovetic 16′ Nasri 67′

  • FT 90 +5
  • HT 1-0

15 February 2014 Last updated at 19:07

Manchester City defeated Chelsea to advance to the last eight of the FA Cup, courtesy of goals from Stevan Jovetic and Samir Nasri.

Manuel Pellegrini's side dominated the match to avenge their recent Premier League loss to the visitors.

Jovetic, who had earlier hit the bar, gave City a first-half lead with a low finish off the inside of the post.

Nasri, making his return from injury, completed victory when he rifled home after a neat one-two with David Silva.

More to follow.

Lineup, Bookings (6) & Substitutions (6)

Manchester City

  • 30 Pantilimon
  • 05 Zabaleta
  • 22 Clichy
  • 14 Javi García Booked
  • 04 Kompany Booked
  • 06 Lescott
  • 07 Milner
  • 42 Yaya Touré Booked
  • 35 Jovetic Booked (Nasri - 61' )
  • 10 Dzeko (Negredo - 81' )
  • 21 Silva (Jesús Navas - 69' )

Substitutes

  • 01 Hart
  • 02 Richards
  • 08 Nasri
  • 09 Negredo
  • 13 Kolarov
  • 15 Jesús Navas
  • 26 Demichelis

Chelsea

  • 01 Cech
  • 02 Ivanovic
  • 28 Azpilicueta
  • 21 Matic Booked
  • 24 Cahill
  • 04 David Luiz Booked
  • 07 Ramires (Torres - 61' )
  • 12 Mikel
  • 29 Eto'o (Salah - 45' )
  • 22 Willian (Oscar - 71' )
  • 17 Hazard

Substitutes

  • 03 Cole
  • 08 Lampard
  • 09 Torres
  • 11 Oscar
  • 14 Schürrle
  • 15 Salah
  • 23 Schwarzer
Ref: Phil Dowd
Att: 47,013

Match Stats

Shots

14 3

On target

6 0

Corners

3 2

Fouls

15 17

Live Text Commentary

Full time

Full Time Match ends, Manchester City 2, Chelsea 0.

90:00 +4:02 Full time

Full Time Second Half ends, Manchester City 2, Chelsea 0.

90:00 +3:56

Attempt missed. Jesús Navas (Manchester City) left footed shot from the right side of the box misses to the left. Assisted by Álvaro Negredo with a headed pass.

90:00 +2:53

Javi García (Manchester City) wins a free kick in the defensive half.

90:00 +2:53

Foul by Mohamed Salah (Chelsea).

88:21 Booking

Booking Nemanja Matic (Chelsea) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.

88:04

Yaya Touré (Manchester City) wins a free kick in the defensive half.

88:04

Foul by Nemanja Matic (Chelsea).

87:11

Foul by Jesús Navas (Manchester City).

87:11

César Azpilicueta (Chelsea) wins a free kick in the defensive half.

84:15

Corner, Chelsea. Conceded by Joleon Lescott.

83:44

Corner, Chelsea. Conceded by Javi García.

83:41

Attempt blocked. Gary Cahill (Chelsea) header from the centre of the box is blocked. Assisted by Eden Hazard with a cross.

83:32 Booking

Booking Javi García (Manchester City) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.

83:03

Foul by Javi García (Manchester City).

83:03

John Obi Mikel (Chelsea) wins a free kick in the attacking half.

80:27

Hand ball by Oscar (Chelsea).

80:02 Substitution

Substitution Substitution, Manchester City. Álvaro Negredo replaces Edin Dzeko.

79:23

Attempt missed. César Azpilicueta (Chelsea) right footed shot from outside the box is too high.

77:24

Attempt blocked. Edin Dzeko (Manchester City) left footed shot from outside the box is blocked. Assisted by Jesús Navas.

76:03

Samir Nasri (Manchester City) wins a free kick on the right wing.

76:03

Foul by John Obi Mikel (Chelsea).

74:57

Offside, Manchester City. Javi García tries a through ball, but Joleon Lescott is caught offside.

74:56

Attempt saved. Javi García (Manchester City) header from the centre of the box is saved in the centre of the goal. Assisted by Samir Nasri with a cross.

74:23

Corner, Manchester City. Conceded by Gary Cahill.

73:09

Gaël Clichy (Manchester City) wins a free kick in the defensive half.

73:09

Foul by Fernando Torres (Chelsea).

71:04

Attempt blocked. Samir Nasri (Manchester City) right footed shot from the centre of the box is blocked. Assisted by Edin Dzeko.

70:46 Substitution

Substitution Substitution, Chelsea. Oscar replaces Willian.

70:23

Javi García (Manchester City) wins a free kick in the defensive half.

70:23

Foul by Fernando Torres (Chelsea).

68:21 Substitution

Substitution Substitution, Manchester City. Jesús Navas replaces David Silva.

67:36

Offside, Chelsea. Nemanja Matic tries a through ball, but Fernando Torres is caught offside.

66:03 Goal scored

Goal! Goal! Manchester City 2, Chelsea 0. Samir Nasri (Manchester City) right footed shot from the centre of the box to the centre of the goal. Assisted by David Silva.

65:40

Attempt blocked. Edin Dzeko (Manchester City) left footed shot from the centre of the box is blocked.

65:00

James Milner (Manchester City) wins a free kick on the right wing.

65:00

Foul by César Azpilicueta (Chelsea).

63:53

Hand ball by John Obi Mikel (Chelsea).

61:45 Booking

Booking Yaya Touré (Manchester City) is shown the yellow card.

61:37

Foul by Yaya Touré (Manchester City).

61:37

Nemanja Matic (Chelsea) wins a free kick in the defensive half.

61:09

Foul by Samir Nasri (Manchester City).

61:09

Nemanja Matic (Chelsea) wins a free kick on the left wing.

60:36 Substitution

Substitution Substitution, Manchester City. Samir Nasri replaces Stevan Jovetic.

60:13 Substitution

Substitution Substitution, Chelsea. Fernando Torres replaces Ramires.

59:52

Stevan Jovetic (Manchester City) wins a free kick on the left wing.

59:52

Foul by Branislav Ivanovic (Chelsea).

58:30

Javi García (Manchester City) wins a free kick in the defensive half.

58:30

Foul by Mohamed Salah (Chelsea).

56:17 Booking

Booking Stevan Jovetic (Manchester City) is shown the yellow card.

56:10

Stevan Jovetic (Manchester City) has gone down, but that's a dive.

55:34

Foul by Edin Dzeko (Manchester City).

55:34

David Luiz (Chelsea) wins a free kick in the defensive half.

54:22

Vincent Kompany (Manchester City) wins a free kick in the defensive half.

54:22

Foul by John Obi Mikel (Chelsea).

53:29

Foul by Stevan Jovetic (Manchester City).

53:29

Willian (Chelsea) wins a free kick on the right wing.

52:23

Corner, Manchester City. Conceded by John Obi Mikel.

51:52

Corner, Manchester City. Conceded by Nemanja Matic.

51:17

Gaël Clichy (Manchester City) wins a free kick on the left wing.

51:17

Foul by Branislav Ivanovic (Chelsea).

50:12

Attempt missed. Stevan Jovetic (Manchester City) right footed shot from the centre of the box is high and wide to the right.

47:56

Attempt missed. James Milner (Manchester City) left footed shot from the right side of the box misses to the left.

46:54

Branislav Ivanovic (Chelsea) wins a free kick in the defensive half.

46:54

Foul by David Silva (Manchester City).

45:41

Offside, Chelsea. David Luiz tries a through ball, but Mohamed Salah is caught offside.

45:00

Second Half begins Manchester City 1, Chelsea 0.

45:00 Substitution

Substitution Substitution, Chelsea. Mohamed Salah replaces Samuel Eto'o.

45:00 +1:01 Half time

Half Time First Half ends, Manchester City 1, Chelsea 0.

43:59 Booking

Booking David Luiz (Chelsea) is shown the yellow card.

42:05

Yaya Touré (Manchester City) wins a free kick in the attacking half.

42:05

Foul by John Obi Mikel (Chelsea).

40:53

Edin Dzeko (Manchester City) wins a free kick on the right wing.

40:53

Foul by David Luiz (Chelsea).

38:24 Booking

Booking Vincent Kompany (Manchester City) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.

37:59

Foul by Vincent Kompany (Manchester City).

37:59

Eden Hazard (Chelsea) wins a free kick in the attacking half.

35:57

Javi García (Manchester City) wins a free kick in the defensive half.

35:57

Foul by Samuel Eto'o (Chelsea).

35:00

Foul by Vincent Kompany (Manchester City).

35:00

Eden Hazard (Chelsea) wins a free kick in the attacking half.

32:03

Pablo Zabaleta (Manchester City) wins a free kick on the right wing.

32:03

Foul by César Azpilicueta (Chelsea).

29:27

Attempt saved. Stevan Jovetic (Manchester City) left footed shot from outside the box is saved in the bottom left corner. Assisted by James Milner.

27:15

Foul by Edin Dzeko (Manchester City).

27:15

César Azpilicueta (Chelsea) wins a free kick in the defensive half.

26:35

Attempt missed. Willian (Chelsea) right footed shot from outside the box is high and wide to the right. Assisted by Branislav Ivanovic.

23:32

Attempt saved. Edin Dzeko (Manchester City) left footed shot from outside the box is saved in the bottom left corner. Assisted by Stevan Jovetic.

21:57

Attempt missed. Yaya Touré (Manchester City) right footed shot from outside the box misses to the left. Assisted by David Silva.

18:26

John Obi Mikel (Chelsea) wins a free kick in the attacking half.

18:26

Foul by Yaya Touré (Manchester City).

15:47 Goal scored

Goal! Goal! Manchester City 1, Chelsea 0. Stevan Jovetic (Manchester City) right footed shot from the centre of the box to the bottom left corner. Assisted by Edin Dzeko.

14:50

Stevan Jovetic (Manchester City) hits the bar with a right footed shot from the centre of the box.

14:48

Attempt saved. Yaya Touré (Manchester City) right footed shot from outside the box is saved in the centre of the goal.

13:49

Foul by Javi García (Manchester City).

13:49

John Obi Mikel (Chelsea) wins a free kick in the defensive half.

12:00

Foul by Yaya Touré (Manchester City).

12:00

Nemanja Matic (Chelsea) wins a free kick on the left wing.

6:09

Willian (Chelsea) wins a free kick in the defensive half.

6:09

Foul by Javi García (Manchester City).

0:20

David Silva (Manchester City) wins a free kick on the left wing.

0:20

Foul by Ramires (Chelsea).

0:00

First Half begins.

0:00

Lineups are announced and players are warming up.

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